world history in chronological order part 12

500 January 5 Duke Ludovico Sforza's troops reconquer Milan. [1] March 9 Pedro Cabral departs with 13 ships to India. [1] April 8 Battle at Novara; King Louis XII beats duke Ludovico Sforza. [1] April 10 France captures duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan. [1] April 11 Michael T Marullus Greeks poet, drowns. [1] April 22 Portuguese navigator Pedro Álares Cabral first sights land of South America (Brazil). [1] [413.64]

April 23 Pedro Álvarez Cabral lands and annexes Brazil (Terra da Vera Cruz). [1] May 29 Bartholomeu Diaz de Narvaez (Novaez) Portuguese sea explorer, drowns. [1] 1501 January 3 Ali Sjir Neva'i [Fani] Turkish poet/author, dies at age 59. [1] January 17 Cesare Borgia returns in triumph to Rome from Romagna. [1] March 20 Jean Carondelet lawyer/chancellor of Burgundy (1480-96), dies at age 72. [1] May 20 Joao da Nova Castell discovers Ascension Islands. [1] May 22 Robert Gaguin French writer/diplomat (Arte Metrificandi), dies at age 66. [1] July 27 Copernicus formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral. [1] 1502 January 1 Gregorius XIII [Ugo Buoncampagni], Italy, pope (1572-85), dies. [1] Portuguese navigators discover Rio de Janeiro. [1] February 1 Olivier de la Marche Flemish writer/poet/governor, dies. [1] February 12 Granada Muslims forced to convert to Catholicism. [1] February 25 Austrian emperor Maximilian I reformats government machine. [1] March 11 Tebriz shah Ismail I of Persia crowned. [1] April 2 Arthur English crown prince/husband of Catharina of Aragón, dies. [1] April 15 Jan IV Chalon prince of Orange, dies. [1] May 9 Christopher Columbus leaves Spain with four ships on his fourth (and final) trip to New World, to search for a sea passage to India. [1] [5] [66.11] May 21 Portuguese Admiral Da Nova discovers Saint Helena. [1] July 30 Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage. [5] September 18 Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final, voyage. [5] December 23 Margaretha English princess of Burgundy, dies at age 57. [1] December 31 Cesare Borgia (son of pope Alexander VI) occupies Urbino. [1] 1503 January 20 Casa Contratacion (Board of Trade) found (Spain) to deal with American affairs. [1] February 4 Queen Elizabeth consort of Henry VII of England, dies. [1] February 11 Elizabeth of York Consort of King Henry VII, dies on 38th birthday. [1] February 15 Henry Deane Archbishop of Canterbury (1501-03), dies. [1] February 18 Henry Tudor created Prince of Wales (later Henry VIII). [1] May 10 Christopher Columbus discovers the Las Tortugas islands. [626.46] Columbus discovers Cayman Islands. [1] August 18 Death of Pope Alexander VI, born Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia. [66.8] December 27 Battle at Garigliano - Spanish army under G Córdoba beats France. [1] 1504 January 1 King Louis XII loses last bulwark in Naples, Caeta. [1] January 31 By treaty of Lyons, French cede Naples to Ferdinand of Aragon. [1] February 29 Columbus uses a lunar eclipse to frighten hostile Jamaican Indians. [1] March 31 France and Spain signs ceasefire. [1] April 1 English guilds/corp goes under state control. [1] April 18 Filippino Lippi painter, dies at about age 52. [1] April 23 King Maximilian I routes troops to Bavaria. [1] May 5 Anton of Burgundy the Great Bastard, knight, dies at about age 82. [1] May 31 Engelbert II earl of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz, dies. [1] 1505 January 18 Franz von Taxis signs convention with Spain to set up and operate a postal system between the Low Countries, the Court of Maximilian in Germany, and the courts of kings of France and Spain, for 12,000 livres per year. (This international postal system lasts until sold to Prussia in 1867.) [1135] February 4 Joan of Valois Queen of France/saint, dies at age 40. [1] April 20 Jews are expelled from Orange Burgundy by Philibert of Luxembourg. [1] December 18 John IX van Horne prince-bishop of Lieges, executed. [1] 1506 April 18 The cornerstone of St. Peter's Basilica is laid. [5] April 30 Philip of Bourgondy and England sign trade agreement. [1] May 19 Christopher Columbus selects his son Diego as sole heir. [1] May 20 Christopher Columbus, explorer, dies in poverty in Spain at age 55. [1] [5] (May 6 [66.11]) May 29 Earl Willem I van Nassau-Dillenburg weds countess Walburg van Egmont. [1] 1507 March 12 Cesare Borgia cardinal/soldier/politician, killed in battle at age 31. [1] April 25 Geographer Martin Waldseemuller first used name America. [1] 1508 February 4 Emperor Maximilian is bestowed with the title of Holy Roman Emperor, with the consent of Pope Julius III. [1] [420.58] February 6 Maximilian I crowned Holy Roman Emperor. [1] May 27 Ludovico Sforza [il Moro] Italian duke of Milan, dies at age 55. [1] August 12 Ponce de León arrives in Puerto Rico. [1] December 10 League of the kingdom signed (covenant against Venice). [1] 1509 March 18 Emperor Maximilian I names Margaretha land guardians of Netherlands. [1] April 7 France declares war on Venice. [1] April 16 French army under Louis XII enters Alps. [1] April 21 Henry VII first Tudor king of England (1485-1509), dies at age 52. [1] April 22 Henry VIII ascends to throne to become King of England. [1] April 27 Pope Julius II excommunicates Italian state of Venice. [1] May 14 Battle of Agnadello, French beat Venitians in Northern Italy. [1] May 20 Catharina Sforza Italian duchess of Forli, dies at age 45. [1] June 11 Henry VIII weds Catherine of Aragon. [241.9] June 24 Henry VIII crowned King of England. [1] 1510 January 22 Jews are expelled from Colmar Germany. [1] February 13 Charles of Gelre conquerors Oldenzaal. [1] February 24 Pope Julius II excommunicates the republic of Venice. [1] March 1 Francisco d'Almeida viceroy of India, dies in battle at about age 59. [1] March 25 Georges d'amboise French archbishop of Narbonne/Rouen, dies at age 49. [1] May 25 Georges d'Amboise French cardinal/viceroy in North Italy, dies at age 49. [1] July 19 38 Jews are burned at the stake in Berlin Prussia. [1] 1511 September 4 A great fireball appears over Crema in Lombardy, Italy, followed by huge shower of meteorites. One meteorite kills a monk, several birds, and a sheep. [523.19] (September 14 [521]) 1512 January 12 English Parliament decides to join battle with Spanish against French. [1199.30] February 5 French troops under Gaston de Foix rescues Bologna. [1] February 16 Battle at Valeggio French troops beat Venetianen. [1] February 19 French troops under Gaston de Foix occupy Brescia. [1] February 22 Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer (America), dies at age 61. [1] [5] April 3 Richard Pafraet Dutch printer, dies. [1] April 10 Pope Julius II opens 5th Council of Lateranen. [1] April 11 Battle at Ravenna France under Gaston de Foix beat Spanish Army. [1] Gaston de Foix French pretender to Navarra throne, dies in battle. [1] May 3 Pope Julius II opens 5th Council of Lateranen (18th ecumenical council) in Rome. [1] May 26 Bajezid II Governor of Amasja/8th Sultan of Turkey, dies. [1] August 17 French army burns Smolensk, Russia. [245.4] November 1 The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome is exhibited to the public for the first time. The epic ceiling fresco was created by artist Michelangelo Buonarroti. [1] [129] 1513 January 20 Christian II succeeds Johan I as Danish/Norwegian king. [1] February 8 Alonso de Ojeda Spanish explorer (Curaçao and Bonaire), dies. [1] February 21 Julius II [Giuliano dellea Rovere], Roman Catholic Pope (1503-13), dies at age 69. [1] March 11 Giovanni de' Medici chosen Pope Leo X. [1] March 27 Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León sights Florida. [1] April 2 Explorer Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain. [1] September 1 Vasco Núñez de Balboa leads an expedition across Panama to investigate claims of a "great sea" beyond the mountains. [1119.104] September 9 Battle of Flodden Fields; English defeat James IV of Scotland. [1] September 25 Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa is the first European to reach what will be known as the Pacific Ocean. [1] [5] (September 26 [1119.104]) December 25 Johannes Amerbach Swiss publisher/printer, dies at about age 70. [1] 1514 January 9 Anna de Bretagne wife of Maximilian, dies at age 36. [1] January 10 Complutensian New Testament in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin finished. [1] April 26 Copernicus makes his first observations of Saturn. [1] December 4 Richard Hunne English "heretic", commits suicide(?). [1] 1515 January 1 François, Duke of Angoulême succeeds Louis XII as François I of France. [1] Jews are expelled from Laibach Austria. [1] Louis XII Father of People, "the Justified" King of France (1498-1515), dies at age 52. [1] May 3 Persian Gulf: Portugese fleet occupies Ormuz. [1] May 19 George van Saksen-Meissen sells Friesland for 100,000 gold guilders to arch duke Charles. [1] December 1 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba [el Gran Capitán] Spanish general, dies at age 62. [1] December 2 Gonzalo de Córdoba Spanish general/strategist/viceroy of Naples, dies. [1] December 15 Alfonso de Albuquerque viceroy of Portuguese Indies, dies. [1] December 24 Thomas Wolsey appointed English Lord Chancellor. [1] 1516 January 23 Ferdinand II king of Aragon/Sicily, dies at age 63. [1] March 13 Vladislav II Jagiello king of Bohemia (1490-1516), dies at age 60. [1] March 17 Giuliano de' Medici monarch of Florence, dies at age 37. [1] April 6 A Willaert installed as singer of cardinal Ippolito I d'Este. [1] April 10 First ghetto, Jews are compelled to live in specific area of Venice. [1] May In Nantan, China, many meteorites fall to the ground. When recovered in 1958, they are found to be 92 percent iron, weighing 150-1500kg. [521] 1517 January 1 Hermann Vischer the Younger, German bronze merchant, dies. [1] January 12 Vasco Núñez de Balboa Spanish conquistador/admiral, beheaded at age 41. [1] January 22 Turks conquer Cairo. [1] March 16 Pope Leo X signs 5th Council of Lateranen. [1] April 13 Osmaanse army occupies Cairo. [1] Tuman Bey last Mamelukken sultan of Egypt, hanged. [1] May 19 Philip van Bourgondie installed as bishop of Utrecht. [1] June 11 Sir Thomas Pert reached Hudson Bay. [1] October 31 German priest and scholar Martin Luther nails a piece of paper to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The paper contains 95 revolutionary opinions that begins the Protestant Reformation. [1] [129] 1518 April 27 Treaty of Saint Truiden anti-French Trapdoors/Bourgondisch covenant. [1] October 12 Having been called to the offices of Cardinal Thomas Cajetan, Martin Luther refuses to retreat from the positions taken in his 95 theses on indulgences. [37] December 11 Ulrich Zwingli is elected the People's Preacher in Zürich, Switzerland. [37] 1519 January 4 First Altenburger sermon (Luther and Karl von Miltitz). [1] January 12 Death of Maximilian I in Wels, Austria; Archduke of Austria, German king, Holy Roman Emperor. [1] [37] March 13 Cortez lands in México. [1] May 2 Leonardo Da Vinci artist/scientist, dies at age 67. [1] May 9 Austrian adel/burgerij in uprising against central government. [1] August 10 Magellan's five ship set sail to circumnavigate the Earth. [1] August 15 Governor Pedro Arias de Avila founds city of Panama. [1] [1119.104] September 20 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan with five ships and 270 men sets sail from Spain in an effort to find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. [1] [129] November 8 Hernan Cortes views the great room in Palace of Axayacatl of the Aztec emperor near Gran Tenochtitlan. [669.49] 1520 January 18 Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. [1] January Count Stephen of Schlick, in valley of Saint Joachim in Bohemia, is granted by the Czech Assembly a minting privilege. He begins producing silver coins from the silver ore of the Bohemian slopes of the Ore Mountains. The Joachimsthaler gulden coin weighs about 29 grams. (The name is soon shortened to thaler and taler, and the name is later used for Spanish and American dollar.) [576.33] [661.69] April 6 Raphael [Sanzio] artist (Sistine Madonna), dies on his 37th birthday. [1] June 15 The Roman Pope, Leo X, threatens to ex-communicate Martin Luther. [1] [37] June 30 An estimated $350 million (1981 value) worth of gold bullion, plus jewels, are stolen by Spaniards under Hernando Cortez from Aztec empire. Aztec warriors attack about 500 Spaniards and Indians trying to leave Tenochtitlan by a causeway across Lake Texcoco. Much of the treasure falls to the bottom of the lake. [645.23] September 22 Selim I captured Baghdad, dies at age 53. [1] October 6 Martin Luther publishes an essay on the "Babylonian Captivity of the Church" refuting the Church's sacramental system. [37] October 21 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan discovers the strait separating Tierra del Fuego and the continental mainland, near the tip of South America. [1] [129] November 8 In Sweden, followers of Sten Sture are tried in an ecclesiastic court presided over by the Archbishop, in the presence of the King. All are found guilty of heresy. Bishop Mattias of Strängnäs is beheaded first, then Bishop Vincentius of Skara. A total of 82 men are put to death over three hours. This becomes known as the Stockholm Bloodbath. Orders are sent to Finland for execution of Hemming Gadh. Kristina Gyllerstierna and Anna Bielke are taken as prisoners to Denmark. [7] November 28 After navigating through the South American strait, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. [1] [5] December 10 Martin Luther takes a papal bull which threatens to excommunicate him and publicly burns it in front of the Elster Gate in Wittenberg. [1] [37] 1521 January 3 Pope Leo X publishes his Papal Bull Decet Romanum pontificem, condemning Martin Luther and officially excommunicating the Augustinian monk for burning Leo's previous bull Exsurge Domine. [1] [37] (January 21 [37]) (April 17 [1]) March 6 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan complete crossing the Pacific Ocean (from the Latin word pacificus, meaning "tranquil") in 99 days, landing at the island of Guam. [1] [129] March 16 Magelhaes' fleet discovers Zamal (Samar). [1] Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reaches Philippines. [1] March 17 Magelhaes lands on Homohon. [1] March 31 Magelhaes takes possession of Homohon, Archipelago of Saint Lazarus. [1] April 7 Inquisitor-General Adrian Boeyens bans Lutheran books. [1] Magelhaes' fleet reaches Cebu. [1] April 16 Martin Luther arrives at Diet of Worms. [1] April 17 Martin Luther makes his first appearance before the Diet in Worms. [37] April 18 Parliament of Worms: Cardinal Alexander questions Martin Luther. [1] April 21 Battle at Villalar: Emperor Charles I beats Communards. [1] April 22 French king François I declares war on Spain. [1] Juan de Padilla Spanish nobleman/communero-rebel, beheaded. [1] April 27 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan is hit by a poisoned arrow while fighting in the Philippine islands, and dies. [1] [129] (April 21 [394.27]) April 28 Treaty of Worms: Emperor Charles names his brother Ferdinand Arch duke of Netherlands-Austria. [1] May 20 Ignatius Loyola seriously wounded by a cannon ball. [1] May 25 Charles V, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, officially declares Martin Luther a criminal and heretic for refusing to recant at the Diet of Worms. [37] May 28 Pope Leo X signs treaty with German emperor Charles V. [1] Willem van Croij duke of Soria, dies at about age 62. [1] August 13 Spanish conquerors capture Mexico City from Aztecs. [1] December 1 Leo X [Giovanni de' Medici] Italian Pope (1513-21), dies at age 45. [1] December 13 Manoel I "the Great" King of Portugal (1495-1521), dies at age 52. [1] December 27 "Zwickauer profeten" appear in Wittenberg. [1] 1522 January 9 Adriaan F Boeyens of Utrecht elected only Dutch/last non-Italian pope (Adrian VI). [1] January 21 Head inquisitor Adrian Florisz Boeyens elected pope. [1] January 30 Duke of Albany takes captured French back to Scotland. [1] February 7 Treaty of Brussels: Habsburgers split into Spanish/Austrian Branches. [1] March 9 Marten Luther preaches his Invocavit. [1] April 27 Battle at Bicacca: Charles I and Pope Adrianus VI beat France. [1] April 29 Emperor Charles V names Frans van Holly inquisitor-General of Netherlands. [1] May 25 Emperor Karel I returns to Spain. [1] May 30 French troops driven out of Genoa. [1] September 6 Basque navigator Juan Sebastian de Elcano on the Vittoria arrives at the Spanish port of Sanlucar de Barrameda, becoming the first to circumnavigate the globe, having left September 20, 1519 with Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan. The cargo of 30 tons of cloves is enough to pay for the entire 97-day expedition and realize a profit despite the loss of three ships and 242 of the original 260 men. [1] [129] [394.28] September 21 The first publication of Martin Luther's translation of the New Testament. [37] December 25 Turkish troops occupy Rhodos. [1] 1523 January 29 Sermon of Constanz: Zwingli defends 67 Schlussreden. [1] May 1 Danish king Christian III arrives in Veere. [1] June 6 Gustavus I becomes king of Sweden (Swedish National Day). [1] 1524 January 5 Marko Marulic/Marulus/Splichanin/Pecinich Croatian poet, dies at age 73. [1] March 19 Giovanni de Varrazano of France sights land around area of Carolinas. [1] April 7 Philip of Burgundy bishop of Utrecht, dies. [1] April 17 Giovanni Verrazano, a florentine navigator, discovers New York Bay in America. [1] [5] April 19 Pope Clemens VII fires Netherlands inquisitor-General French Van de Holly. [1] April 24 Duke of Bourbon drives Admiral Bonnivet out of Milan. [1] May 20 Duke of Albany leaves Scotland. [1] May 21 Thomas Howard second duke of Norfolk general/premier, dies at about age 80. [1] September 1 At the Malmö Recess, peace between Sweden and Denmark is reached. Sweden surrenders rights to Gotland and Blekinge to Denmark, Denmark grants Sweden temporary possession of Viken (Bohuslän). [7] December 10 Henry van Zutphen Dutch Augustine/Lutheran minister, burned to death. [1] December 11 Henry Van Zutphen Dutch protestant martyr, burned at stake. [1] December 12 Pope Clement VII approves Organization of Jewish Community of Rome. [1] December 24 Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer/viceroy of Cochin India, dies at about age 55