world histroy in chronological order part 14

1540

January 6
  • King Henry VIII of England married his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. [1]
January 27
  • Angela Merici Italian monk/monastery, dies. [1]
February 2
  • George Schenck van Toutenburg governor/viceroy of Frisia/Groningen. [1]
February 14
  • Emperor Charles V enters Ghent without resistance, executes rebels. [1]
February 25
  • Francisco Vásquez de Coronado searches for 7 cities of Cibola México. [1]
March 4
  • Protestant count Philip of Hessen marries second wife. [1]
March 19
  • Court of Holland names Amsterdam sheriff John Hubrechtsz a "heretic". [1]
April 29
  • Emperor Charles V declares all privileges of Gent ended. [1]
May 4
  • Venice and Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople. [1]
May 6
  • Jean Luis Vives Spanish theory/humanist/reformer, dies at age 48. [1]
May 22
  • Francesco Guicciardini Italian historian/President of Romagna, dies at age 57. [1]
June 24
  • Henry VIII divorces his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. [1]
July 9
  • England's King Henry VIII six-month marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled. [1]
July 28
  • Thomas Cromwell King Henry VIII's chief minister, executed. [1]
September 27
  • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Ignatius Loyola. [1]

1541

January 6
  • Bernard van Orley Flemish royal painter of Hungary, dies at about age 52. [1]
February 24
  • Santiago, Chile founded by Pedro de Valvidia. [1]
April 4
  • Ignatius of Loyola becomes first superior-General of the Jesuits. [1]
April 25
  • Liege flooded after heavy down pour. [1]
May 8
  • Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and names it Río de Espíritu Santo. [1] [5]
May 27
  • Margaretha duchess of Salisbury, beheaded. [1]
September 15
  • At Brömsebro, the Kings of Sweden and Denmark conclude a treaty of friendship and alliance between their countries. [7]
December 24
  • Andreas R Bodenstein von Carlstadt radical Lutheran, dies at about age 61. [1]
December 29
  • Isabella of Poland and King Ferdinand of Austria sign Treaty of Gyalu. [1]

1542

January 10
  • Gerardus Noviomagus [Gerrit Geldenhauer], Dutch theologist, die at age 59. [1]
January 21
  • Parliament passes bill of attainder against Queen Katherine Howard. [1]
February 1
  • Hieronymus Aleander [Girólamo Aleandro], Italian diplomat, dies at age 61. [1]
February 13
  • Catherine Howard queen of England/5th wife of Henry VIII, is beheaded. [1]
May 21
  • Hernando de Soto dies while searching for gold, near Mississippi River. [1]
September 28
  • Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovers California, at San Diego Bay. [1]
October 7
  • Explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovers Santa Catalina Island off the California coast. [5]
December 14
  • James king of Scotland (1513-42), dies at age 30. [1]
December 28
  • Albert Pigge [Pighius] Dutch theologist/astronomer, dies at about age 52. [1]

1543

January 3
  • Juan Cabrillo conqueror of Central America, discoverer of California, dies. [1]
February 11
  • Ahmed Gran sultan of Adal, dies in battle. [1]
  • Battle at Wayna Daga Ethiopian/Portugese troops beat Muslim army. [1]
  • Karel/Henry VIII sign anti-French covenant. [1]
March 18
  • Hernan de Soto observes first recorded flood in America (Mississippi River). [1]
May 24
  • Nicolas Copernicus astronomer, dies in Poland. [1]
July 12
  • England's King Henry VIII weds Catherine Parr (6th and last wife). [1]

1544

January 30
  • Adrian van Goes becomes land advocate of Holland. [1]
April 14
  • Battle at Carignano French troops under Earl d'Enghien beat Swiss. [1]
May 1
  • Turkish troops occupy Hungary. [1]
May 17
  • Scottish Earl Matthew van Lennox signs secret treaty with Henry VIII. [1]
May 23
  • German emperor Charles V recognizes king Christian III of Denmark. [1]
May 29
  • Jacobus Latomus [Jasques Masson] Belgian inquisitor, dies at about age 68. [1]

1545

February 13
  • Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange. [1]
February 19
  • Pierre Brully [Peter Brulius], calvinist minister, burned to death. [1]
March 24
  • German Parliament opens in Worms. [1]
April 12
  • French king François I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed. [1]
July 19
  • French attack English ships at Portsmouth harbor; English King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose is sunk either by French cannon or while hoisting sail. Loss of about 650 men. [118.10] [1199.34]
December 13
  • Pope Paul III opens Council of Trente (19th ecumenical council). [1]

1546

February 18
  • Martin Luther biblical scholar/religious reformer, dies at age 62. [1]
March 10
  • Thomas Elyot English diplomat (Boke named the Governor), dies at age 46. [1]
March 26
  • Thomas Elyot British diplomat, dies. [1]
March 29
  • Cardinal Beaton English archbishop of Saint Andrews, murdered. [1]

1547

January 13
  • Earl Henry Howard of Surrey sentenced to death. [1]
January 16
  • Ivan IV the Terrible (age 17) crowns himself first tsar of Russia. [1]
January 19
  • Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, army commander/poet, beheaded at age 29 for treason. [1]
January 28
  • Henry VIII King of England (1509-47), dies at age 55. His will designates 16 executors to maintain church and state policies until his son and heir Edward comes of age. [1] [858.54]
January 31
  • The death of King Henry VIII of England is announced in Parliament. The Privy Council elects Edward Seymour as Lord Protector. [858.55]
February 3
  • Russian czar Ivan IV (age 17) marries Anastasia Romanova. [1]
February 20
  • King Edward VI of England is enthroned. [1]
March 30
  • François I of Valois-Angoulême King of France (1515-47), dies at age 52. [1]
March 31
  • Henry II succeeds François I as king of France. [1]
April 24
  • Battle of Mühlberg: Emperor Karel V versus ruler Johan Frederik the Brave. [1]
May 16
  • Protestant German monarch Johan Frederik surrenders to Karel in Wittenberg. [1]
July 31
  • Castle of Saint Andrews surrenders to French after six-week siege. [858.57]
September 2
  • Hernan Cortes Spanish general defeats Aztec Indians. [1]
September 4
  • Duke of Somerset invades Scotland with 14,000 men, 4000 horses, 15 cannon, crossing River Tweed. Included are wagonloads of Bibles to be distributed in conquered Catholic areas. [858.57]
September 9
  • English battle Scottish forces at Pinkie Cleugh, south of Edinburgh; English are victorious, returning to London, but without the Queen of Scotland who had fled to France. [858.57]

1548

January 23
  • Bernardo Pisano composer, dies at age 57. [1]
April 1
  • Sigismund I the Elder, King of Poland, dies at age 81. [1]
May 11
  • Great fire in Brielle. [1]
July 16
  • La Paz, Bolivia is founded. [1]
December 24
  • Maximilian of Egmond Dutch count/stadholder of Frisia, dies. [1]

1549

January 17
  • Thomas Seymour is arrested, sent to Tower prison of London, for plotting overthrow of English government. [858.60]
February 10
  • Tomé de Sousa is appointed Governor-General of Brazil. [1]
February 23
  • Privy Council of England presents 33 charges against Thomas Seymour, finding him guilty of treason, condemned to die. [858.60]
March 20
  • Thomas Seymour of Sudely English Lord Admiral, beheaded. [1]
May 27
  • Lijsbeth Dirksdr Fries antabaptist, drowns. [1]
July 17
  • Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium. [1]
October 14
  • Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of England, is imprisoned in the Tower of London. [858.63]

1550

January 10
  • First sitting of "Vurige Chamber" in Paris. [1]
February 2
  • English Edward Seymour duke of Somerset, freed. [1]
February 7
  • Giovanni Maria del Monte elected Pope Julius III. [1]
March 8
  • Juan de Dios Port/Sp saint (Brothers of Mercy), dies at age 55. [1]
March 24
  • France and England sign Peace of Boulogne. [1]
April 2
  • Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy. [1]
April 12
  • Claude of Lorraine duke of Guise, dies at age 53. [1]
April 28
  • Powers of Dutch inquisition extends. [1]
April 29
  • Emperor Charles V gives inquisiters additional authority. [1]
December 6
  • Pieter Coecke van Aelst Flemish painter, dies at age 48. [1]

1551

March 9
  • Emperor Karel appoints son Philip as heir to the throne. [1]
April 6
  • Joachim Vadianus Swiss physician/mayor of Sankt Gallen, dies at age 66. [1]
April 11
  • English premier John Dudley appointed duke of Northumberland. [1]
April 20
  • John Dudley becomes English Earl Marshal. [1]
May 1
  • Council of Trente resumes. [1]
May 12
  • San Marcos University in Lima Peru, opens. [1]
May 31
  • Aristotele "Basiano" da Sangallo Italian set designer, dies. [1]
December 19
  • Dutch west coast hit by hurricane. [1]

1552

January 3
  • Henry II of Bavaria bishop of Utrecht (1524-29), dies at age 64. [1]
January 11
  • Johannes Cochlaeus [Dobeneck], German humanist/theologist, dies. [1]
January 12
  • Dutch west coast hit by heavy storm, 100s killed. [1]
January 15
  • France signs secret treaty with German Protestants. [1]
January 22
  • Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, beheaded in London, England for treason. [1] [858.65]
January 23
  • Second version of Book of Common Prayer becomes mandatory in England. [1]
February 15
  • Dutch coast hit by heavy storm. [1]
February 24
  • Privileges of the Hanseatic League in England are abrogated. [1]
April 4
  • Mauritius van Saksen begins alliance with Karel Anikita Stroganov. [1]
April 10
  • Henri II of France occupies Metz. [1]
April 14
  • Laurentius Andreae [Lars Andersson] Swedish church reformer, dies. [1]
April 18
  • John Leland antiquary, dies. [1]
  • Mauritius of Saksen occupies Linz. [1]
April 19
  • Mauritius of Saksen captures Karel. [1]
April 21
  • Peter Apianus [Bennewitz/Bienewitz] German astronomer, dies at age 50. [1]

1553

February 4
  • Caspar Othmayr composer, dies at age 37. [1]
February 19
  • Erasmus Reinhold German mathematician, dies at age 41. [1]
April 9
  • François Rabelais French author (Gargantua/Pantagruel), dies at age 49. [1]
April 29
  • Flemish woman introduces practice of starching linen into England. [1]
May 10
  • Sir Hugh Willoughby, Richard Chancellor, and Cornelius Durfoorth set out from England in three ships to find a north-east passage to Cathay. (The surviving ship of Chancellor finds Russia, the beginning of the Muscovy Company.) [857.57]
July 6
  • King Edward VI dies, weakened by measles and tuberculosis. By his will, Lady Jane Grey and her heirs are made successors to the crown of England. [857.42]
July 11
  • Princess Mary of England announces he bid for the throne, gathering an army in East Anglia. [857.42]
July 19
  • 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey deposed as England's Queen after 9 days. [1]
August 12
  • Pope Julius III orders confiscation and burning of the Talmud. [1]
August 23
  • Death of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, England, beheaded for high treason. [857.43]
September 4
  • Cornelia da Nomatalcino monk converted to Judaism, burned at stake. [1]
September 8
  • City of Lichfield, England established. [1]
October 21
  • Volumes of the Talmud are burned. [1]
October 27
  • Michael Servetus, Spanish physician, burns at stake in Geneva, Switzerland for heresy and blasphemy for his speculations on the nature of the Trinity. [1] [37]

1554

January 5
  • Great fire in Eindhoven Netherlands. [1]
January 25
  • Sir Thomas Wyatt gathers an army in Kent, rebels against Queen Mary. [1]
February 9
  • Battle at London Sir Thomas Wyatt defeated. [1]
  • Lady Jane Grey, deposed Queen of England, beheaded after 9 day rule at age 17. [1] [857.44]
February 12
  • Lord Guildford Dudley Jane Grey's husband, beheaded. [1]
February 21
  • Hieronymus Bock German doctor (founder of modern botany), dies. [1]
February 23
  • Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey's father, executed. [1]
March 3
  • Johan Frederik de Greatmoedige ruler of Saxon (1532-47), dies at age 50. [1]
July 25
  • Wedding of Mary of England and Philip of Spain at Winchester. [696.43]
November 30
  • Formal ceremony of English reconciliation with Rome, restoring Catholic faith in England. [696.44]

1555

January 20
  • Medieval heresy laws are revived in England; Protestant heretics face burning at the stake. [696.44]
February 4
  • Religious scholar John Rogers, Protestant heretic, is first burned at stake in Queen Mary's reign, at Smithfield. [696.44]
February 9
  • John Hooper, deprived Bishop of Gloucester, burnt for heresy. [1]
March 23
  • Julius III [Giovanni M del Monte], Pope (1550-55), dies at age 67. [1]
April 9
  • Marcello Cervini elected Pope Marcellus II. [1]
April 12
  • Johanna de Wanzinnige Queen of Castilie (1504-20), dies at age 75. [1]
April 17
  • Siena surrenders for Spanish troops. [1]
May 1
  • Marcellus II [Marcello Cervini] Italian Pope (1555), dies at age 53. [1]
May 23
  • Giampietro Caraffa elected Pope Paul IV. [1]
May 25
  • Gemma Frisius Frisian geographer/astronomer, dies at age 46. [1]
September 25
  • Peace of Augsburg takes effect ending conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. [37]

1556

January 16
  • Emperor Karel appoints his son Philip II, king of Spain. [1]
January 23
  • In Shensi Province, China, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs. Worst death toll in history: 830,000 deaths. [1] [53]
January 27
  • Willem of Orange becomes knight of Guilder Flies. [1]
February 5
  • Kings Henri I and Philip II sign Treaty of Vaucelles. [1]
February 14
  • Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declared a heretic. [1]
March 19
  • Lieven van der Maude [Ammonius], South Netherlands poet, dies at age 70. [1]
March 21
  • Thomas Cranmer archbishop of Canterbury, burned at stake at age 66. [1]
March 22
  • Cardinal Reginald Pole becomes archbishop of Canterbury. [1]
March 28
  • Karel V's son Philip II crowned king of Spain. [1]
  • Origin of Fasli Era (India). [1]
April 13
  • Portuguese Marranos who revert back to Judaism burned by order of Pope. [1]
April 18
  • Luigi Alamanni Italian poet (Flora, Antigone), dies at age 61. [1]
July 31
  • Saint Ignatius of Loyola founder of Society of Jesus, dies in Rome. [1]

1557

February 27
  • First Russian Embassy opens in London. [1]
April 9
  • Michael Agricola Finnish theologist/church reformer/bishop, dies. [1]
September 1
  • Jacques Cartier French explorer, dies (birth date unknown). [1]
December 3
  • First Covenant of Scottish protestants form. [1]
December 13
  • Niccoló Tartaglia Italian mathematician, dies. [1]

1558

January 7
  • Calais, last English possession in France, retaken by French under Francois, Duke of Guise. [1]
January 8
  • French troops under duke de Guise occupy Calais. [1]
January 9
  • Geneva becomes independent from Berne canton, Switzerland. [1]
January 11
  • Westmunster Church in Middelburg destroyed by heavy storm. [1]
February 3
  • Alfonsus de Castro Spanish theologist (council of Trente), dies. [1]
March 5
  • Smoking tobacco introduced in Europe by Francisco Fernandes. [1]
March 13
  • Jean Fernel French physician/physiologist, dies. [1]
March 14
  • Ferdinand I appointed Holy Roman emperor. [1]
March 24
  • Anna van Buren countess of Egmond/Buren/Lingen, dies. [1]
April 4
  • Czar Ivan IV gives parts of North-Russia to fur traders. [1]
April 24
  • Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland marries French crown prince François. [1]
April 26
  • Jean François Fernel French physician, dies. [1]
November 12
  • Rabbi Shalom Shakna ben Joseph founder of first Polish Yeshiva, dies. [1]
November 17
  • Queen Mary I, the monarch of England and Ireland, dies and is succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth. [129] [419.70] [768.18]
December 29
  • Charles V, German emperor, buried. [1]
  • Hermann Finck composer, dies at age 31. [1]

1559

January 1
  • Christian III king of Denmark/Norway (1534-59), dies. [1]
January 15
  • Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey. [419.70] [1118.133] (January 13 [1])
January 29
  • Sir Thomas Pope English politician, benefactor, dies at about age 52. [1]
February 16
  • Pope Paul IV calls for deposition of sovereigns supporting heresy. [1]
March 14
  • Jacques d'Auchy Walloon baptist merchant, executed. [1]
  • Storm floods ravage Gorinchem, Dordrecht and Woudrichem, Netherlands. [1]
April 3
  • Peace of Cateao Cambresis, ending French war with Holy Roman Empire. England loses its last possession in France, Calais. [1] [244.4]
May 10
  • Scottish Protestants under John Knox uprise against queen-mother Mary. [1]
May 13
  • Excavated corpse of heretic David Jorisz burned in Basel. [1]


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